Jupiter was the Roman king of the gods.
Roman names for planets. The planets Mercury Venus Mars Jupiter and Saturn were named by the Romans. The Roman name for Aphrodite is Venus. Those were the planets that the ancient Romans could see in the sky without a telescope.
The other planets in our solar system were not discovered until much later when telescopes were invented. In astrology the planet Venus rules Libra and Taurus. Saturn is no longer the god of agriculture he was replaced by his daughter Ceres Demeter.
That is because many of the planets were first discovered by ancient civilizations and so planets are named after their gods. Saturn is the second largest planet of our system and the sixth planet from the sun. All these names were well.
The planets were actually named after the Greek gods in their Roman form. Mercury was named after the Roman god of travel. It fits with the existing planets having the names of Roman Gods and just as Saturn was the father of Zeus so Uranus was the father of Saturn.
Venus also rules Friday which is why in Spanish Friday is Viernes. The Romans named Mercury after the messenger of. Neptune was named apparently after as a major God that did not have a planet.
Other civilizations also named the planets for its red color. With the exception of Earth all of the planets in our solar system have names from Greek or Roman mythology. The Greek name of the planet Saturn is Kronos.