This article explains how to handle different kinds and combinations of missing information.

In text citation apa style no author. For sources with no date use nd. The following format will be used. Also many types of legal references do not include author names.

See APA 6th ed. Use only the year in the in text citation even if the citation in the reference list contains a more specific date. Because there is no date and no author your text citation would include the title or short title nd for no date and paragraph number eg Heuristic nd para.

It corresponds to the APA citation style with additional quotation marks around the paper title which are not present in the standard APA style. Once you type your references on the reference page you will need to put in a hanging indent and double-space the entire reference list. All 33 Chile miners freed in flawless rescue.

For more about creating in-text citations see Writing In-Text Citations in APA Style. APA in-text citation style uses the authors last name and the year of publication for example. In Merriam-Websters online dictionary 11th ed.

But because some references have no author their citations also have no author. For more information on citations for sources with no date or other missing information see the page on missing reference information on the APA Style and Grammar Guidelines web page. When you are using the name of articles book chapters and web pages in the body of your paper put the title in quotes and capitalize the important words.

As noted above most citations include author names. For instance there may be no author or publication date. It appears within the text of the paper.